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| Crown gall on Mazzard F12/1 rootstock. |
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Tumors or galls are produced on the roots and crown and, under special circumstances, on aboveground portions of plants. Galls begin as small, smooth growths that enlarge to become dark, hard, woody tumors with gnarled, irregular surfaces. Old galls may be covered with secondary fungi and riddled by insects. Orchard trees with one or more large galls on the crown are often stunted. |